Weaving apparatus



D- 10 1946- s.-P. PARKER 2,412,353

WEAVING APPARATUS Filed-Aug. so, 1944 7 sheets-sheet 2 sur *+51 AffonNzYs Y '7 Sheets-Sheet 3 s. P. PARKER WEAVNG APPARATUS F11-ed Aug. 50. 1944 De. 1o, 1946.

Dee.y l0, 1946. s. P. PARKER .2,412,353

' 'HAVING APPARA'rl-Is l Filed Aug. 30, 1944 7 'sheets-sunt 4 Fla 5 A,

S. P. PARKER wEAvING APPARATUS De@ 1o, 1946.

Filed Aug. so, 1944 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 Dec. 1o, 1946.v

S.. P. PARKER -WEAVING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 30, 1944 7 sheets-sheet e INvtN-rmz mum. E' PARKER' Dec. l0, 1946.

S. P. PARKER WEAVING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 30, 1944 7 Sheets-fSheet 7 mfrvfm l N v E To. 5A Mum. f. PARKER B Y 21m' 44m/f l Traa/nvr shaft for rotation in, a vertical plane, and each disc carries a plurality of spindles 34, 36, which extend parallel to the axis of the shaft on which the disc is mounted and are spaced radially therefrom. Spindles 30 `are for yarn packages,

- while spindles 38 carry yarn guides 38, which are of the pigtail type. 'Ihese guides may, ifdesired, be mounted on the ends of shafts 80.

Each of .shafts 30 carries a sprocket gear '40 1ying between the horizontal supports 22, 20, and a chain 02 is' trained about the several sprocket gears, Bearings x0, 66 are attached to rthe vertical member l'near its lower end, and a shaft 48 is mounted for rotation in the bearings. Shaft 00 carries sprocket vgears 50, 52 andchain 02 passesfrom sprocket gears 40 through a slot in member |8 and is trained aboutgear 50. Shaft 08 is driven by a chain 54 trained about sprocket gear 52 and driven by a sprocket gear 58 mounted on one of the shafts of loom In the construction shown, one spindle 30 on each disc 32 carries a yarn package 58 on which four ends of yarnv are wrapped. If desired, single end packages may be employed, the packages being mounted on separate spindles 30 on each disc. All thejends of yarn from one or more packages on the same disc 32 are led throughthe guide 88 on spindle 36 on 'that disc and the groups 'of yarns pass around one Aof the guides 28 and through one of a number of guides 60 mounted on vertical members20 of the creel structure on loom is provided with friction rolls 10, 16 mounted, respectively, in bearings 10 and 00 on horizontal bars 82, 08, the bars being supported at one end on cross member` 12- of the loom and at the other end on a suitable part of the creel structure. Bars 82, 84 also support a comber or guide board 88, through which the groups of yarns pass ontheir way from the guides 60 to friction roll 14.

The mechanism in the loom, by which the warp yarns are manipulated to form sheds Vand are also twisted together into groups, comprises upper and 'lower horizontal supports 88, 90 connected by vertical members 92.l 94, 98, and 68 to form a generally box-like structure. The vertical supports 92 and 98 are connected to the cross member 12 of the loom frame. Support 88 may include a channel member` 89 and a top plate 80a,

-while support 90 may be a channel member.

Blocks |00 are mounted between the legs of the channel members-80, 90 and carry upper and lower sets of bearings |02, inl which are mounted upper and lower` shafts |03, each of which carries erei teeth meshing with the teeth of the gears.

The edgesof the discs extend through slotsti l0, I2 in members 88 and 90, respectively, and the vided with bevel gears |20, |22-meshing,.respec tively, with bevel gears |24, |26on the shafts |03. Each disc |08 isformed with openings |28 equally spaced about the center of the disc and serving as guides for the individual warp yarns. A.

vertical grill |30 lies, in front of the group of discs |06 and is mounted on members 89, 90. A sprocket gear |32 is mounted on lower shaft |03, and the web of channel member 90 is formed with' a slot |30 through which' the gear projects.

The apparatus is driven by a motor |36 mount- Y ed on a base |38 attached to cross member 10 of the loom and the motor is provided with a pulley |00. A countershaft |02 is mounted in bearings |04, |06. attached to loom Sides 62, 60, and shaftr |42 carries pulleys |08, |50.' The motor drives the countershaft by. a belt |5| trained about pulleys |00 and |08.

A crankshaft |52 is rotatably mounted in bearings |54, |56 on the loom-sides 62, 60, vand the crankshaft is provided with pulley and `sprocket gears |60, |62. A chain |60 connectsl sprocket gear |62 with sprocket gear |32 on the lower shaft |03 of the twisting and shedding mechanism. 'I'he crankshaft is driven'from the countershaft pulley |50 by belt |68'trained about pulley |58 on the crankshaft.

A shaft |68 is mounted in bearings |10, |12 on the loom sides, and this shaft carries sprocket gears 58 and |10 mounted for free rotation there-Y on but connected together. Sprocket gear |14 is driven from the crankshaft |52 by chain |16 trained about the gear and about sprocket gear |60 on shaft |52.

A lay sword |18 is rigidly attached to shaft |88, and the sword is reciprocated by a connecting rod |80 attached to the crank of crankshaft |52. A reed |82 is mounted on the upper end of the lay sword, and a lay |00 is secured to the reed.

The lay is provided with a Teshaped slot |86 extending lengthwise thereof, and the ends of the lay are supported by rods |88, |00: rigidly attached to shaft |68 by means of collars |92; |94. l

A shuttle |96, carrying a bobbin |91, is provided with a T-shaped projection which lies within slot |86 in thelay and has a V-shaped friction surface extending lengthwiseA thereof in its rear face 'and exposed beyond the lay. The lay carries pairs of bearings |98, 200 on opposite sides of the Y reed, and a shaft 202 is mounted in each pair of bearings. Shafts 202 carry pulleys 204, 208, and each pulley has a V-shaped rim engageable with the friction member` of shuttle |98.

The lay sword carries a cross bar 208, at the ends of which are mounted bearings 2|0, 2|2. 'A shaft 2| 4l is mounted at vone end in bearing 212, and at its other end, the shaft is connected to shaft 202 of pulley 206 through a universal joint 2|B. Shaft 2m ,is also provided with a sprocket gear 2|8. A shaft 220 is mounted in bearing 2|0 and has a portion extendingbelow f the bearing. Shaft 220 is connected at. its upper end to shaft 202 of pulley 204 by means of universal jointV 222 and, at its end below bearing 2|0, shaft 22'0 carries a grooved pulley 224.

Shaft 220 is provided with a sprocket gear 228,

and shafts 2|4 and 220 areconnected by a chain 228 trained about the sprocket gears on the two f shafts.

engagement of the discs with the walls of the v A pair of discs 230, 232 are rotatably mounted y on shaft |68 between sprocket gears |14 and 56 and are secured together and torthe gears. The discs have friction surfaces 23.4, 236 which extend over portions of their opposed faces and are 'oil'set soY that they alternatelyengage pulley 224.

in Figs. 9 and 1o. It is to be'understoodthat au.

the warp cables in the fabric may have the same twist, and the number of ends in each cable may be greater or less than four,` as desired. When the fabric is made with comparatively heavy warp yarns and a light filling, the product is suitable for use as a floor covering. Various novel effects may i be Obtained by varying the twist in the warp A mechanism by means ofwhich the direction voi' rotation of discs |08 can be periodically reversed is disclosed in Figs. 17, v18, and 19. This mechanism includes a dobby head providedwith a harness lever 500 which controls the action of a double-acting pawl 502 through cord 504. The

pawl is operated by the following means:' A gear 59S mounted on crankshaft ISI! ofthe loom meshes with a gear 508 fast on a shaft Sill, which carries an eccentric 5i2 operating a reciprocating rod Sid by means of connecting rod 5W. Rod 5M is movable through a guide Sid. The double pawl mechanism comprises individual pawls 520, 1522, each of which is` pivotally secured at one end t0 a bar 52d and has a pawl hook at the 4other end. The bar 524 is attached to rod Sid and y reciprocated thereby.

means for twisting the warp yarns together in y cables. The reason for this is that the discs 08 cause the twist to run backward toward the yarn supplies and this would soon interfere with the free movement of the yarns from the supplies, if not prevented from doing so. The twisting means on the creel counteracts the twist at the rear. sidesof the discs, and by twisting the yarn leaving the supplies into cables of proper twist, the continued rotation of the discs in onedirection does not produce a twist at the rear side which would ultimately preventv the yarns being supplied to the discs.

Instead of twisting the warp ends together into cables on the creel, the cables may be formed in a preliminary. operation. Such cables may then l be supplied to the loom in any convenient manner' and the yarns in each cable will be passed through respective openings in a disc 08. The cable twist will counteract the backward twist eected by the disc, and the dis'cs may run continuously. in one Adirection s o that the final product, the individual warp cables will have the same twist throughout.

`be noted that the'ends 408 and M0 pass beneath the pick of filling yarn 40B at the extreme left of the ligure, the ends lying one above the other directly beneath the pick. The ends M2 and MS pass over the same pick inthe same manner.

`Between that pick and the next'one to the right,

designated M6, the ends 408, 410, M2, and Md are twisted together with an ,S-ftwistand the ends 408 and 4l@ pass beneath pick M0, while the ends' 45,2 and did pass over it. Beyond pick it tothe right, the twist in the cable is reversed and the ends have a Z-twist. The ends' 308 and M0.

then pass beneath the next pick M9, while the ends M2 and 4m pass over that'pick. The reversals in the warp cable twist continue throughout the length of the fabric. The'yarnsin adjacent cables may be manipulated in the same L manner as ends 40S-8H, inclusive, but.' prefer-- ably and as illustrated, the twist in these cables between adjacent picks is the opposite of thetwist in the cables made up of ends 08-4l4,

Pawls 520, 522 operate, respectively. on ratchet wheels 52e, ssa fast on shaft 52e, and the shaft also carries-a sprocket wheel 532 connected by a chain 536 to sprocket wheel |32 on the lower shaft w3 of the mechanism for rotating discs HI8. The pawls'520, 225 are operated inalternation under the control oi. the dobby head by means of a bar-.53d attached to cord 50# and havingv pin and slot connections to each of pawls 520. 522.

In the operation oi theI mechanism'describecl, the rotation of the crankshaft H52 of the loom eects reciprocation of bar' 52' and of pawls 520, 522 attached thereto. 'Only one' of these pawls operates at any time, and the effective -pawl causes stepwise rotation of shaft 526 and of shaft 03 of the mechanism. which rotates discs |08. From time `to time, under the control of the dobby head, the pawl previously effective is put out of action and the other pawl made eective. A change in the pawl operation produces a change in the direction oi rotation of shaft 526,-shafts W3, and discs Hit.

In the foregoing, I have illustrated and de-v scribed a loom in'which all of the warprends across the fabric are manipulated inl groups for shedding purposes and the ends forming ,each group are twisted together into a cable. A fabric made on such a loom has a distinctive appearance'and the warp and lling yarns are -iirmly bound together. In the production of some fab'- rics, it may be desirable to forma portion of vthe fabric, such as the central longitudinal area,v

of warp andfilling yarns interwoven in the usual. way and without twist, or to produce a fabric in which there arelongitudinal strips 'of warp and filling yarns so interwoven. is readily accomplished by providing the loom with the usual harness motion disposed at the left of the group of discs H08 as seen in Fig. 1 and by omitting suchy of the discs |08 as would otherwise be-required to handle the warp ends'wh'ich are to be handled by the heddles in the formation of the shed.

The provision `of such a harness motion in the loomof the inventionwill bereadily understood by those skilled in loom construction. f

'dingmechanism disclosed herein is'the subject matter of application Serial No. 591,267, Afiled May. 1, 1945. Each or the three laterapplicamounted on the'iree porticnsrof the .guides mounted for rotation with 9 3ans is a continuation-impart of this applica- I claim:

1. In a weaving apparatus, a creel for supplying cables, each consisting of a plurality of yarns twisted. together, which comprises a suppgrting structure, a plurality pf shafts mounted for rotation. on'the structure, each shaft being supported between its ends only, supports for yarn packages mounted on the free portions of the shafts, yarn guides mounted for rotation with the shafts, one guide for each yarn package.

the shafts, the yarns passing from the packages a yarn guide on the supporting structure beyond each end of each shaft, the yarns passing from the packages to the rotating guides and thence to those on the structure, and means for rotating the shafts to cause the yarns tosv be `twisted together between the packages and the guides' on the structure to form cables. I 2. In a .weaving apparatus, a' creel for supplying cables, each consisting of a plurality 4of yarns twisted together, which comprises a supporting structure, a plurality of shafts mounted for ro-l tation on the structure, each shaft being supportedl between its ends onli?. supports for yarn A packages mounted on the free portions of the shafts, yarn guides mounted for rotation with the shafts, one guide for each yarn Package', a yarn guide on the supporting structure beyond each end of each shaft, the yarns passing from the packages to the rotatingguides and thence'y fto those on the structure, means for rotating the shafts to cause the yarns to `be twisted together between the packages and the guides on the structure to form cables, and guides for the cables at'one end of the structure. n B. In a-weaving apparatus, a creel for supplying cables, each consisting of a plurality of yarns twisted together, which comprises a supporting structure having open sides, a plurality of horizontal shafts mounted for rotation between the sides of the structure, each shaft being supported on the structure between its ends only, supports for yarn packages mounted on the free portions of the shafts, the packages being accessible through the sides of the structure, yarn guides mounted for rotation with the shafts,one' guide for each yarn package, a yarn guide on the supporting structure beyond each end of each shaft, the yarns passing from the packages to the rotating guides and thence to those on the structure. and means for rotating the shafts to ycause the yarns to be twisted together between the packagsls and the guides on the structureto form vca es.

- 1o guide foreach yarn package. yarn yguides fonuthe supporting structure beyond the free ends of to the rotating guides and thence lto those on the structure, and means for rotating the shafts in unison to cause the yarns to be twisted together between the packages and the guides on the structure to form cables.

5. In a weaving apparatus, a creel for-supplying cables, each consisting of a plurality of yarns twistedtogether, which comprises a frame work, a plurality of horizontal shafts mounted for rotation within the frame work, each shaft having a free end portion, supports for yarn packages mounted on the `free portions of the shafts and lying within the framework, yarn guids mounted for rotation with the shafts, one guide for ingcables, each consisting of a plurality of yarns twisted together, which comprises a supporting frame work, a plurality of shafts mounted for rotationwithin the frame work and arranged in rows, each shaft being supported to have a free portion, supports for yarn packages mounted on the l free portions of the shafts, yarn guides mounted to rotate with the shafts, one guide for each yarn package, yarn'guides on the frame work beyon'd the ends of the shaftathe yarnspassing from the packages through the rotating guides, and thence to those on the frame work,

4and means for rotating the shafts in unison to cause the yarns to be twisted together between the packages and the guides on the frame 4-work,'.

adjacent shafts in a row being rotatedA in op-l vposite directions.

7. In a weaving apparatus, a creel for supplying cables, each consisting of a plurality of yarnsA twisted together, which comprises a supporting structure. a plurality of parallel shafts mounted 4. In a weaving apparatus, a creel for supplying cables,each consisting of a plurality of yarns twisted together, which comprises` a supporting structure, 'a plurality of shafts mountedfor rotation on the structure. each shaft lnving a free end portion, supports 'for yarnY for rotation on the structure, each shaft; being supported to have a free portion, supports for yarn packages mounted on the free portions of the shafts, yarn guides mounted to rotate with the shafts, one guide for each yarn package. yarn guides on the supporting structure beyond .the ends ofthe shafts, the axes of the shafts lying substantially tangent tothe associated guides on the structure, the yarns passing from the packages through thc rotating guides to those the structure, and means for rotating the to cause 'the yarns from the supplies on the supports onrespectiveshaftstobe'twistedtogether 

